This is the CSS 2025 Pakistan Affairs paper with a complete model answer to every descriptive question, Q2 through Q8. Part I of the paper is objective and is not part of this set. Each answer restates the question as printed, commits to a thesis, argues it section by section and closes with a conclusion an examiner can mark.
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- Q2
How did the Indus Waters Treaty (1960) affect water distribution and relations between Pakistan and India?
How the 1960 Treaty divided the eastern and western rivers, why its commission and dispute procedure outlasted wars, and where climate change tests it.
- Q3
Examine the causes and consequences of the 1971 separation of East Pakistan, highlighting the role of regional and international players.
Language, representation and economic grievances, the denied 1970 mandate and the use of force, and how India and the great powers shaped the outcome.
- Q4
Explore the significance of CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) for the economic development of Pakistan. What are its potential challenges and opportunities?
What CPEC's power plants, roads and Gwadar delivered, and whether industrial zones and exports can outweigh debt, security and transparency risks.
- Q5
Analyze the demographic and cultural diversity of Pakistan and its impact on national integration and policymaking.
Pakistan's ethnic, linguistic, provincial and youth diversity, and how it shapes the census, fiscal federalism, provincial autonomy and language policy.
- Q6
Critically evaluate the impact of Bhutto's nationalization policy on the economy of Pakistan.
Why Bhutto nationalised industry, finance and agro-processing, the social gains and investment losses that followed, and what the 1970s shocks explain.
- Q7
The Kashmir dispute is an unfinished agenda of the 1947 partition. Evaluate Pakistan's Kashmir policy for the solution of the problem.
Pakistan's Kashmir policy from UN diplomacy to the post-2019 response: the claim it has kept alive, and why proxies and episodic advocacy limited it.
- Q8
Is media a curse or blessing? Critically evaluate its role in shaping public opinion and influencing political events in Pakistan in the 21st century.
How private channels and social media widened political participation in Pakistan, how misinformation and coercion distort it, and the reforms needed.
The questions are reproduced from the Federal Public Service Commission's CSS 2025 Pakistan Affairs paper for study purposes. Every answer was written from scratch for this platform and is offered as one good attempt, not as an official key. Verify any statistic against a primary source before reproducing it in an examination.